It was ruled by seven different governments: French, British, and Spanish in the colonial era the Republic of West Florida the United States as a territory and a state the Confederate States of America and the United States again since the end of the American Civil War. īaton Rouge has developed as a culturally rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations and African peoples brought to North America as slaves or indentured servants. In addition, it built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding.

The Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. Baton Rouge is the fifth most populous city proper in the Deep South region of the southeastern United States. The city is the center of the Greater Baton Rouge area-Louisiana's second-largest metropolitan area-with a population of 870,569 as of 2020, up from 802,484 in 2010. According to the 2020 United States census, the city-proper had a population of 227,470 its consolidated population was 456,781 in 2020. Since 2020, it has been the second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans Baton Rouge is the 18th-most-populous state capital. Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana's most populous parish (the equivalent of counties in other states).

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